Jean Cruveilhier, eminent French anatomist, began on Dec. 19, 1808, the course of lectures by Dr. Alexis Boyer, the eminent French surgeon who was physician to Napoleon, surgeon in chief at the Hospital of Charity, and holder of the chair of operative medicine at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris. Young Cruveilhier was seventeen when he began his first carefully kept notes on Boyer's lectures on maladies of many sorts, with related surgical treatments. Among the subjects treated are various cancers, fistulas, and ulcers, as well as diseases of the teeth, sinuses,neck (goiters), esophagus, thorax, abdomen (hernia) among others. Boyer's methods were eighteenth century in character and he published eleven volumes in 1814 in Paris to repudiate new techniques. See Traite des Maladies Chirurgicales et des Operations que leur Conviennent.
